Which type of exercises are performed where the hand or foot is fixed in space and cannot move?

Closed-chain kinetic exercises involve movements where the hand or foot is fixed in space and cannot move, leading to a scenario where the body moves around the extremity. This type of exercise is characterized by the stationary position of a limb, while the other parts of the body perform movements. A classic example of closed-chain exercises is squats where the feet remain on the ground while the body moves up and down.

These exercises are beneficial for enhancing stability and functional fitness since they often mimic real-life activities more closely than their open-chain counterparts, where limbs move freely. Additionally, closed-chain exercises tend to activate multiple muscle groups and engage the core, contributing to improved overall strength and coordination.

In contrast, open-chain kinetic exercises involve movements where the distal part of the limb (the hand or foot) is free to move. Single joint movements typically focus on isolating a single joint for exercise, and compound exercises usually include the engagement of multiple joints and muscle groups but do not specify the fixed position of the limbs. The characteristics of closed-chain exercises make them particularly effective in many tactical conditioning and rehabilitation scenarios.