What is an example of a closed-chain kinetic exercise?

A closed-chain kinetic exercise is one in which the distal segment of the limb or body (such as the feet or hands) is fixed in place while the proximal segment moves. This type of exercise typically involves multiple joints and muscle groups, facilitating functional movements that mimic real-life activities.

The squat is an excellent example of a closed-chain kinetic exercise because during the movement, the feet remain in contact with the ground. As you lower your body by bending the knees and hips, multiple joints work together in a coordinated manner, engaging not only the legs but also the core muscles to stabilize the body. This multi-joint involvement is characteristic of closed-chain exercises, making squats effective for building strength and stability.

In contrast, exercises like the bench press and leg extension do not fit this category as effectively. The bench press involves the arms moving against a resistance while lying on a bench, which does not require the feet to remain stationary on the ground, and is therefore more of an open-chain exercise. The leg extension also allows the foot to move freely while the knee joint is isolated, not engaging other joint movements in the same way. Running, while partially closed-chain since the feet contact the ground, also involves considerable movement of the legs without the proximal segments being